Siebel - Brewing Terminology

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Calorie	Amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree Centigrade.

Carbohydrate	Any one of a group of compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen usually as in water; viz., two H: one O. They are neutral compounds comprising the sugars, starches, celluloses, pentosans, galactans, etc.

Carbon Dioxide	A heavy, colorless, gas (CO2). Two grams fermented wort extract will produce about 1 gram of alcohol and 1 gram of CO2.

Carcinogen	Cancer-causing agent.

Carrageenan	Is the polysaccharide fraction of Irish Moss, soluble in hot water.

Cask	Originally an oak container (barrel) with a side bung hole and tap for holding,transporting and dispensing beer. Later versions similar in design and concept but made from aluminum or stainless steel. Ranging in size from a Pin (4.5 Imp. Gallon) to a Hogs Head (54 Imp. Gallon).

Catalyst	Any substance which, by virtue of its presence, affects the rate of a chemical reaction and which may be recovered practically unchanged at the end of the reaction.

Cathode	The electrode at which reduction occurs and from which electrons are repelled.

Cation	The charged particle in the solution of an electrolyte which, under the influence of an electrical potential, moves toward the cathode. It is the positively charge ion.

Cell	The smallest structural unit of living organisms that is able to grow and reproduce independently.

Cell culture	Growth of cells under laboratory conditions.

Cell fusion	See Fusion

Cellulose	C6H10O5)x: a polysaccharide composed of D-glucopyranoside units. It forms the cell walls and fibrous structure of many plants, and is the chief constituent of paper and wood.

Celsius	Name of originator of the centigrade scale.

Celsius Scale	Thermometer scale having 100 divisions between Scale freezing and boiling temperature of water.

Charcoal	A dark carbon prepared from vegetable or animal substances, as by charring wood in a kiln from which air is excluded.

Check	A stoppage or slowing up of the main fermentation before the beer is Fermentation completely attenuated.

Chemistry	The branch of knowledge that treats the compositions of substances and of the transformations which they undergo.

Chemostat	Growth chamber that keeps a bacterial culture at a specific volume and rate of growth by continually adding fresh nutrient medium while removing spent culture.

Chit Malt	Very short-grown malt.

Chromosomes	Threadlike components in the cell that contain DNA and proteins. Genes are carried on the chromosomes.

Clone	A group of genes, cells, or organisms derived from a common ancestor. Because there is no combining of genetic material (as in sexual reproduction), the members of the clone are genetically identical to the parent.

Coagulation	The act or state of becoming viscous, jelly-like or solid, or of uniting into a coherent mass; especially the change from a liquid to a thickened, curd- like state by chemical reaction.

Codon	A sequence of three nucleotide bases that specifies an amino acid or represents a signal to stop or start a function.

Colloid	A state of subdivision of matter characterized by a particle size intermediate between molecular dispersion (true solution) and a size just about visible with an ordinary microscope.

Complementary DNA (cDNA)	DNA synthesized from a messenger RNA rather than from a DNA template. This type of DNA is used for cloning or as a DNA probe for locating specific genes in DNA hybridization studies.

Cone	Any of several cone-like flower or fruit clusters, as in the hop.

Cooker	Vessel which allows heating and boiling of mash.

Coolship	Shallow tank for aeration, clarification and cooling of hot wort. Presently usually replaced by Whirlpool tank.

Corrode	To eat away gradually, usually be electro-chemical action.

Couch	Barley in the stage of beginning to sprout; to couch means to follow-up with an after or secondary steep.

Coupling	A devise that serves to connect the ends of adjacent parts or objects. Example: hose couplings.

Culture	As a noun, cultivation of living organisms in prepared medium; as a verb, to grow in prepared medium.

Culture medium	Any nutrient system for the artificial cultivation of bacteria or other cells; usually a complex mixture of organic and inorganic materials.

Cytase	An enzyme which has the power of dissolving the cellulose of the cell walls surrounding the starch granules.

Cyto-	Referring to cell or cell plasm.

Cytoplasm	Cellular material that is within the cell membrane and surrounds the nucleus.

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