Siebel - Brewing Terminology

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Haploid	A cell with half the usual number of chromosomes, or only one chromosome set. Sex cells are haploid. Cf. diploid.

Hardness (of)	Water's component of soluble calcium and magnesium salts equals water) hardness. It is usually expressed in terms of calcium carbonate equivalents. Some calcium in the brewing water is desirable for the protection and stimulation of malt enzymes. Elsewhere in the brewery, hardness results in the deposition of hard scale when water is heated or evaporated, and is therefore undesirable.

Head (of beer)	The foam on beer.

Heredity	Transfer of genetic information from parent cells to progeny.

Hominy	A dry corn product made by breaking the kernel into particles of even size, larger than those usually called "grits" in brewing.

Homologous	Corresponding or alike in structure, position, or origin.

Hoop	A circular band, of metal, wire or wood, used to hold the staves of a barrel together.

Hop Jack	A hop strainer.

Hop Nose	The fragrant odor of hops in beer.

Hop Petals	The small leaves projecting form the spindle of the hop cone, consisting of bracts and bracteoles.

Hormone	A chemical which is secreted by an endocrine gland in small amounts directly into the blood stream and greatly influences the functions of some specific organ and frequently of the body as a whole. Hormones are also secreted in plants.

Hormone	A chemical, often a polypeptide, that acts as a messenger, relaying instructions to stop or start certain physiological activities. Hormones are synthesized in one type of cell and then released to direct the function of other cell types.

Host	A cell or organism used for growth of a virus, plasmid, or other form of foreign DNA, or for the production of cloned substances.

Host-vector system	Combination of DNA-receiving cells (host) and DNA-transporting substance (vector) used for introducing foreign DNA into a cell.

Humidity	a. The absolute humidity is the amount of vapor actually present in the air and is expressed either in its expansive force, or in its weight per given volume. b. Relative humidity is the ratio of the quantity of vapor actually present, to the greatest amount possible at the given condition. Complete saturation of the air by a vapor is designated as Humidity 100.

Hybridization	Production of offspring, or hybrids, from genetically dissimilar parents. The process can be used to produce hybrid plants (by cross-breeding two different varieties) or hybridomas (hybrid cells formed by fusing two unlike cells, used in producing monoclonal antibodies). The term is also used to refer to the binding of complementary strands of DNA or RNA.

Hybridoma	The cell produced by fusing two cells of different origin. In monoclonal antibody technology, hybridomas are formed by fusing an immortal cell (one that divides continuously) and an antibody-producing cell. See also Monoclonal antibody; Myeloma.

Hydration	A special case of solvation, where water is the solvent.

Hydrogen	An element commonly isolated as a colorless, tasteless, odorless gas, inflammable and lighter than any other element.

Hydrogen Ion	The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution in Concentration gramionic weights per liter. See pH.

Hydrolysis	A chemical process of decomposition involving addition of water.

Hydrometer	A floating instrument for determining specific gravities; especially of liquids and solutions. It is usually a hollow glass or metal instrument, weighted at one end so as to float upright. The stem of the instrument is graduated so as to indicate the gravity of the liquid. Many instruments, for use with specific solutions, have arbitrary scales and are usually known by the names of the inventors, such as Balling and Plato.

Hygrometer	An apparatus for measuring the degree of moisture of the atmosphere.

Hygroscopic	Readily absorbing, becoming coated with, and retaining moisture, but not enough to make a liquid.

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