Siebel - Brewing Terminology

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DNA	See Deoxyribonucleic acid.

DNA cloning	The process whereby fragments of DNA from any source can be amplified many times by inserting them into a plasmid or a bacterial virus (bacteriophage) and then growing these in bacterial or yeast cells.

DNA sequence	The order of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule.

Decoction	Mash method involving the boiling of parts of the mash and return of coagulation. It is characterized by a loss of solubility at the iso electric points, greater susceptibility to proteolytic enzymes, and a change in the specific rotation. It does not occur without the presence of water.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)	The molecule that carries the genetic information for most living systems. The DNA molecule consists of four bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine) and a sugar-phosphate backbone, arranged in two connected strands to form a double helix. See also Complementary DNA; Double helix; Recombinant DNA.

Dextrin	A soluble, gummy carbohydrate formed by the decomposition of starch by heat, acids or enzymes.

Dialysis	The separation of crystalloids and colloids in solution, by means of their unequal diffusion through certain membranes.

Diastase	An enzyme mixture capable of gelatinizing and converting starch to dextrins and sugars.

Diatomaceous	Any of a class of microscopic unicellular or colonial algae, the silicified Silica skeletons of which form kieselguhr.

Differentiation	The process of biochemical and structural changes by which cells become specialized in form and function.

Diffusion	The flow of molecules, usually, but not necessarily, through a membrane.

Diploid	A cell with two complete sets of chromosomes. Cf.Haploid.

Disaccharide	The sugar resulting from the condensation of two molecules of a monosaccharide, with the loss of water. Examples: sucrose, maltose, and lactose.

Disinfecting	To free from infection, especially destroying disease germs; to free from infesting insects.

Dispersion	Any mixture where one substance is very intimately intermingled with another. Most frequently a dispersion refers to a colloidal suspension.

Dissociation	The splitting of a compound into two or more simpler molecules, atoms, or ions.

Distillation	The process of heating a liquid to its boiling point, removing the vapors through a cooling and condensing apparatus, and finally collecting the condensed vapors, as a liquid, in a separate receiver. Method of separating liquids from solids or liquids having different boiling points from each other by evaporation and condensation of the more volatile component.

Doubling	The addition of unyeasted wort to beer in the first stage of the main fermentation.

Downstream processing	The stages of processing that take place after the fermentation or bioconversion stage; includes separation, purification, and packaging of the product.

Downward infusion: Mash in at 75°C. and cool gradually to 65°C. with	cold water.

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